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1 жаропрочная сталь
1) Naval: heat-resisting steel2) Engineering: creep-resisting steel, heat-resistant steel, high-temperature steel, oxidation-resisting steel, refractory steel3) Metallurgy: heat-resistant4) Makarov: heat steel -
2 окалиностойкая сталь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > окалиностойкая сталь
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3 жаростойкая сталь
oxidation-resisting steel, heat-resistant steel, high-temperature steel, refractory steel, scale-resistant steel* * *Русско-английский политехнический словарь > жаростойкая сталь
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4 жаростойкая сталь
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > жаростойкая сталь
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5 потери от окисления
потери от окисления
окалина
Уменьшение количества металла или сплава в результате окисления. Такие потери наиболее высоки при плавлении.
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Синонимы
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > потери от окисления
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6 жаростойкая сталь
oxidation-resisting steel, refractory steelРусско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > жаростойкая сталь
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7 жаростойкая сталь
1) Engineering: oxidation-resisting steel, refractory steel, rust-resisting steel2) Automobile industry: heat-resistant steel3) Metallurgy: heat-resistant4) Oil: high-temperature steel5) Makarov: heat steel6) Combustion gas turbines: heat-resisting steel -
8 окисление анодное
окисление анодное
Электрохимический способ получения неметалличесого неорганического покрытия на металле, выполняющем в процессе функции анода.
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EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > окисление анодное
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9 окисление внутреннее
окисление внутреннее
Образование дисперсных оксидов в стали или сплаве в результате диффузного проникновения кислорода через поверхностный слой. Протекает при селективном взаимодействии компонентов сплава с кислородом, когда один из компонентов сплава имеет большее сродство к кислороду, а базовый компонент — значительно меньшее или вообще не окисляется. Внутреннее окисление применяется как метод упрочнения, в частности повышения твердости стали и сплавов.
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EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > окисление внутреннее
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10 окисление вторичное
окисление вторичное
Окисление жидкого металла при его выпуске из печи, разливке и кристаллизации, а также в сталеплавильной печи после раскисления вследствие контакта металла с окисленным жидкоподвижным шлаком. В результате вторичного окисления содержание кислорода и оксидных неметаллических включений в металле (стали) после начального снижения начинает возрастать. Основной процесс вторичного окисления при выпуске металла из печи происходит на желобе в результате прямого окисления струи воздухом, при разливке стали из ковша в изложницы, на МНЛЗ, при течении расплава из основного ковша в промежуточный ковш и из него в кристаллизатор. Наиболее радикальный метод борьбы с вторичным окислением — выплавка и разливка металла в вакууме, в вакуумных камерах при пониженном давлении или в защитном, нейтральном газе.
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EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > окисление вторичное
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11 окисление поверхностное
окисление поверхностное
Дефект сварного соединения в виде окалины или пленки окислов на поверхности сварного соединения.
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EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > окисление поверхностное
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12 Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 31 December 1888 Thizy, Rhône, Franced. 15 August 1960 Fontenoy-aux-Roses, France[br]French metallurgist, inventor of the alloys Elinvar and Platinite and of the method of strengthening nickel-chromium alloys by a precipitate ofNi3Al which provided the basis of all later super-alloy development.[br]Soon after graduating from the Ecole des Mines at St-Etienne in 1910, Chevenard joined the Société de Commentry Fourchambault et Decazeville at their steelworks at Imphy, where he remained for the whole of his career. Imphy had for some years specialized in the production of nickel steels. From this venture emerged the first austenitic nickel-chromium steel, containing 6 per cent chromium and 22–4 per cent nickel and produced commercially in 1895. Most of the alloys required by Guillaume in his search for the low-expansion alloy Invar were made at Imphy. At the Imphy Research Laboratory, established in 1911, Chevenard conducted research into the development of specialized nickel-based alloys. His first success followed from an observation that some of the ferro-nickels were free from the low-temperature brittleness exhibited by conventional steels. To satisfy the technical requirements of Georges Claude, the French cryogenic pioneer, Chevenard was then able in 1912 to develop an alloy containing 55–60 per cent nickel, 1–3 per cent manganese and 0.2–0.4 per cent carbon. This was ductile down to −190°C, at which temperature carbon steel was very brittle.By 1916 Elinvar, a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with an elastic modulus that did not vary appreciably with changes in ambient temperature, had been identified. This found extensive use in horology and instrument manufacture, and even for the production of high-quality tuning forks. Another very popular alloy was Platinite, which had the same coefficient of thermal expansion as platinum and soda glass. It was used in considerable quantities by incandescent-lamp manufacturers for lead-in wires. Other materials developed by Chevenard at this stage to satisfy the requirements of the electrical industry included resistance alloys, base-metal thermocouple combinations, magnetically soft high-permeability alloys, and nickel-aluminium permanent magnet steels of very high coercivity which greatly improved the power and reliability of car magnetos. Thermostatic bimetals of all varieties soon became an important branch of manufacture at Imphy.During the remainder of his career at Imphy, Chevenard brilliantly elaborated the work on nickel-chromium-tungsten alloys to make stronger pressure vessels for the Haber and other chemical processes. Another famous alloy that he developed, ATV, contained 35 per cent nickel and 11 per cent chromium and was free from the problem of stress-induced cracking in steam that had hitherto inhibited the development of high-power steam turbines. Between 1912 and 1917, Chevenard recognized the harmful effects of traces of carbon on this type of alloy, and in the immediate postwar years he found efficient methods of scavenging the residual carbon by controlled additions of reactive metals. This led to the development of a range of stabilized austenitic stainless steels which were free from the problems of intercrystalline corrosion and weld decay that then caused so much difficulty to the manufacturers of chemical plant.Chevenard soon concluded that only the nickel-chromium system could provide a satisfactory basis for the subsequent development of high-temperature alloys. The first published reference to the strengthening of such materials by additions of aluminium and/or titanium occurs in his UK patent of 1929. This strengthening approach was adopted in the later wartime development in Britain of the Nimonic series of alloys, all of which depended for their high-temperature strength upon the precipitated compound Ni3Al.In 1936 he was studying the effect of what is now known as "thermal fatigue", which contributes to the eventual failure of both gas and steam turbines. He then published details of equipment for assessing the susceptibility of nickel-chromium alloys to this type of breakdown by a process of repeated quenching. Around this time he began to make systematic use of the thermo-gravimetrie balance for high-temperature oxidation studies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Société de Physique. Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur.Bibliography1929, Analyse dilatométrique des matériaux, with a preface be C.E.Guillaume, Paris: Dunod (still regarded as the definitive work on this subject).The Dictionary of Scientific Biography lists around thirty of his more important publications between 1914 and 1943.Further Reading"Chevenard, a great French metallurgist", 1960, Acier Fins (Spec.) 36:92–100.L.Valluz, 1961, "Notice sur les travaux de Pierre Chevenard, 1888–1960", Paris: Institut de France, Académie des Sciences.ASDBiographical history of technology > Chevenard, Pierre Antoine Jean Sylvestre
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13 встречающийся
•Hand tools usually found in machine shops are...
•It is important to know the common oxidation states of the more frequently met with (or occurring, or encountered) elements.
* * *Встречаемый / Встречающийся -- found, seen (in, on, by), encountered, occurringThe apparatus was capable of being exposed to hyperbaric environments similar to those seen in diving applications.In the range of tip clearance seen on turbines, the flow over the blade tip may be regarded as primarily inviscid.This assembly actually needs no radial key even when carrying loads seen by steel mill roll pinions.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > встречающийся
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14 обладать стойкостью к
•This grade of steel offers ( high) resistance to oxidation.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обладать стойкостью к
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15 Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 7 January 1920 Calcutta, India[br]English inventor of the float-glass process.[br]Pilkington was educated at Sherborne School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in mechanical science. He spent one year at Cambridge followed by war service, which lasted until 1945. He returned to complete his degree and then joined Pilkington, the well-known glass manufacturer at St Helens' Lancashire, in 1947. Sir Alastair is not, however, related to the Pilkington family of glassmakers.The forming of perfectly flat glass that retained its fire finish had eluded glassmakers for centuries. Until the 1950s the only way of making really flat glass was to form plate glass by continuous casting between steel rollers. This destroyed the fire finish, which had to be restored by expensive grinding and polishing. The process entailed the loss of 20 per cent of good glass. The idea of floating glass on molten metal occurred to Sir Alastair in October 1952, and thereafter he remained in charge of development until commercial success had been achieved. The idea of floating molten glass on molten tin had been patented in the United States as early as 1902, but had never been pursued. The Pilkington process in essence was to float a ribbon of molten glass on a bath of molten tin in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen, to prevent oxidation of the tin. It was patented in Britain in 1957 and in the USA two years later. The first production glass issued from the plant in May 1957, although the first good glass did not appear until July 1958. The process was publicly announced the following year and was quickly taken up by the industry. It is now the universal method for manufacturing high quality flat glass.Having seen through the greatest single advance in glassmaking and one of the most important technological developments this century, Sir Alastair became Chairman of Pilkingtons until 1980 and President thereafter.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1970. FRS 1969. Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1991.Bibliography1969, "Float glass process—the review lecture", Royal Society (13 February). 1975, "Floating windows", Proceedings of the Royal Institution, Vol. 48.1976, "Float glass—evolution and revolution over 60 years", Glass Technology, Vol. 17, no. 5.1963, "The development of float glass", Glass Industry, (February).Further ReadingJ.Jewkes et al., 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pilkington, Sir Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair)
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